The information system is today a central element in the functioning of an organization. An information system can be defined as a set of resources (personnel, software, processes, data, materials, IT and telecommunications equipment, etc.) allowing collection, storage, structuring, modeling, management, manipulation, analysis, transport, exchange and dissemination of information (texts, images, sounds, video, etc.) within an organization. Among the IT resources are in particular data files, databases and database management system (DBMS), integrated management software (ERP, in English ERP: enterprise resource planning), customer management tools (CRM: customer relationship management), the logistics chain (SCM: supply chain management) or employees (ERM: employee relationship management), collaborative work tools (groupware), business applications, application or presentation (Web …), workflow systems, integration architectures (EAI: enterprise architecture integration, SOA: services oriented architecture), network infrastructures
